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1.
West Afr J Med ; 41(12 Suppl 1): 30-35, 2024 Jan 31.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38412104

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Impairment of kidney function is one of the long-term sequelae of hypertension and it contributes to increased morbidity and mortality in hypertensive patients. Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is a common complication of hypertension which can worsen the outcome in affected patients. This study was designed to compare kidney function in hypertensive patients with LVH with that in hypertensive patients without LVH. METHODS: The study was conducted among hypertensive patients attending cardiology clinics at two tertiary hospitals in Nigeria. A questionnaire was used to obtain demographic and clinical information from the participants. Kidney function was determined by measuring serum urea and creatinine, urinary creatinine and microalbumin. Echocardiography was performed to detect LVH. Results of kidney function tests were compared between participants who had LVH and those who did not. RESULTS: Of the 105 participants recruited, 58 (55.2%) were males. The median age of all participants was 52 (interquartile range (IQR) 40-61) years and LVH was confirmed in 48 (45.7%) of them. Participants with LVH were older (55 vs 49 years; p=0.02) but had lower weight (74 vs 78 kg; p=0.04). Participants without LVH had higher microalbuminuria (5.2 vs 4.05 mg/dl; p=0.03), lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (62 vs 92 ml/min/1.73 m2; p=0.004), and higher stages of CKD. CONCLUSION: Hypertensive patients with LVH had lower levels of microalbuminuria, higher estimated GFR, and lower stages of CKD compared to those with no LVH.


CONTEXTE: L'altération de la fonction rénale est l'une des séquelles à long terme de l'hypertension et contribue à une morbidité et une mortalité accrues chez les patients hypertendus. L'hypertrophie ventriculaire gauche (HVG) est une complication fréquente de l'hypertension qui peut aggraver le pronostic chez les patients concernés. Cette étude visait à comparer la fonction rénale chez les patients hypertendus avec HVG à celle des patients hypertendus sans HVG. MÉTHODES: L'étude a été menée auprès de patients hypertendus fréquentant des cliniques de cardiologie dans deux hôpitaux tertiaires au Nigeria. Un questionnaire a été utilisé pour obtenir des informations démographiques et cliniques auprès des participants. La fonction rénale a été déterminée en mesurant l'urée sérique et la créatinine, la créatinine urinaire et la microalbuminurie. Une échocardiographie a été réalisée pour détecter l'HVG. Les résultats des tests de fonction rénale ont été comparés entre les participants présentant une HVG et ceux qui n'en présentaient pas. RÉSULTATS: Sur les 105 participants recrutés, 58 (55,2 %) étaient des hommes. L'âge médian de tous les participants était de 52 ans (plage interquartile (IQR) de 40 à 61) et l'HVG a été confirmée chez 48 (45,7 %) d'entre eux. Les participants avec une HVG étaient plus âgés (55 vs 49 ans ; p=0,02) mais avaient un poids plus faible (74 vs 78 kg ; p=0,04). Les participants sans HVG avaient une microalbuminurie plus élevée (5,2 vs 4,05 mg/dl ; p=0,03), un taux de filtration glomérulaire estimé plus bas (62 vs 92 ml/min/1,73 m2; p=0,004) et des stades plus élevés de maladie rénale chronique. CONCLUSION: Les patients hypertendus avec HVG présentaient des niveaux plus faibles de microalbuminurie, un taux de filtration glomérulaire estimé plus élevé et des stades plus bas de la maladie rénale chronique par rapport à ceux sans HVG. MOTS-CLÉS: Hypertrophie ventriculaire gauche, Hypertension, Fonction rénale, Maladie rénale chroniqu.


Subject(s)
Hypertension , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic , Male , Humans , Adult , Middle Aged , Female , Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/diagnostic imaging , Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/epidemiology , Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/etiology , Creatinine , Hypertension/complications , Glomerular Filtration Rate , Kidney/diagnostic imaging , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/diagnosis
2.
West Afr J Med ; 39(10): 1062-1067, 2022 Oct 20.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36260823

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Attaining a good glycaemic control is usually the target for therapy in diabetic patients as this is expected to prevent both acute and chronic complications. Oral infections are however very common among diabetic patients despite the presence of many immunologic proteins in the saliva. This study was designed to determine the impact of glycaemic control on levels of these proteins in diabetic patients. METHODS: Salivary lysozyme, histatins, immunoglobulin A and immunoglobulin G were measured in diabetic patients. The levels of these immunologic proteins were compared between patients whose HbA1c were less than 7% and those whose values were greater than or equal to 7%. RESULTS: A total of 95 participants were recruited for this study with 37 (38.9%) of them having a median HbA1c of 6.3% (IQR 5.3- 6.6) and the remaining 58 (61.1%) having a median HbA 1c of 9.1% (IQR 8.1-10.5). There was no significant difference in salivary lysozyme (31.24 vs 33.77 ng/ml; p = 0.69), histatins (9.65 vs 9.17 ng/ml; p = 0.27), IgA (12.79 vs 12.19 µg/ml; p = 0.16) and IgG (31.29 vs 32.49 µg/ml; p = 0.85) between the group with good and those with poor glycaemic control. CONCLUSION: This study showed that glycaemic control does not impact the levels of salivary immunologic proteins in diabetic patients, so quality attention should be given to oral care to avoid the development of oral complications.


CONTEXTE: L'obtention d'un bon contrôle glycémique est généralement l'objectif du traitement des patients diabétiques, car il est censé prévenir les complications aiguës et chroniques. Les infections buccales sont cependant très fréquentes chez les patients diabétiques malgré la présence de nombreuses protéines immunologiques dans la salive. Cette étude a été conçue pour déterminer l'impact du contrôle glycémique sur les niveaux de ces protéines chez les patients diabétiques. MÉTHODES: Le lysozyme, les histatines, l'immunoglobuline A et l'immunoglobuline G salivaires ont été mesurés chez les patients diabétiques. Les niveaux de ces protéines immunologiques ont été comparés entre les patients dont le HbA1c était inférieur à 7 % et ceux dont les valeurs étaient supérieures ou égales à 7 %. RÉSULTATS: Au total, 95 participants ont été recrutés pour cette étude, 37 (38,9 %) d'entre eux ayant une HbA1c médiane de 6,3 % (IQR 5,3- 6,6) et les 58 autres (61,1 %) ayant une HbA1c médiane de 9,1 % (IQR 8,1- 10,5). Il n'y avait pas de différence significative dans le lysozyme salivaire (31,24 vs 33,77 ng/ml ; p= 0,69), les histatines(9,65 vs 9,17 ng/ml ; p= 0,27), les IgA (12,79 vs 12,19 ?g/ml ; p= 0,16) et les IgG (31,29 vs 32,49 ?g/ml ; p= 0,85) entre le groupe avec un bon et celui avec un mauvais contrôle glycémique. CONCLUSION: Cette étude a montré que le contrôle glycémique n'a pas d'impact sur les niveaux de protéines immunologiques salivaires chez les patients diabétiques, une attention de qualité devrait donc être accordée aux soins bucco-dentaires pour éviter le développement de complications orales. Mots clés: Diabète, Contrôle glycémique, Protéines salivaires, Cavité orale, Protéines immunologiques.


Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus , Glycemic Control , Humans , Muramidase , Histatins , Glycated Hemoglobin , Immunoglobulin A , Antiviral Agents , Immunoglobulin G
3.
Int J Tuberc Lung Dis ; 25(6): 453-460, 2021 06 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34049607

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: There are no data comparing the 6-9 month oral three-drug Nix regimen (bedaquiline, pretomanid and linezolid [BPaL]) to conventional regimens containing bedaquiline (B, BDQ) and linezolid (L, LZD).METHODS: Six-month post end-of-treatment outcomes were compared between Nix-TB (n = 109) and 102 prospectively recruited extensively drug-resistant TB patients who received an ˜18-month BDQ-based regimen (median of 8 drugs). A subset of patients received BDQ and LZD (n = 86), and a subgroup of these (n = 75) served as individually matched controls in a pairwise comparison to determine differences in regimen efficacy.RESULTS: Favourable outcomes (%) were significantly better with BPaL than with the B-L-based combination regimen (98/109, 89.9% vs. 56/86, 65.1%; adjusted relative risk ratio [aRRR] 1.35; P < 0.001) and in the matched pairwise analysis (67/75, 89.3% vs. 48/75, 64.0%; aRRR 1.39; P = 0.001), despite significantly higher baseline bacterial load and prior second-line drug exposure in the BPaL cohort. Time to culture conversion (P < 0.001), time to unfavourable outcome (P < 0.01) and time to death (P < 0.03) were significantly better or lower with BPaL than the B-L-based combinations.CONCLUSION: The BPaL regimen (and hence substitution of multiple other drugs by pretomanid and/or higher starting-dose LZD) may improve outcomes in drug-resistant TB patients with poor prognostic features. However, prospective controlled studies are required to definitively answer this question.


Subject(s)
Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis , Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant , Antitubercular Agents/therapeutic use , Diarylquinolines/therapeutic use , Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis/drug therapy , Humans , Linezolid/therapeutic use , Nitroimidazoles , Prospective Studies , Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant/drug therapy
4.
J Contemp Dent Pract ; 13(2): 163-6, 2012 Mar 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22665741

ABSTRACT

AIM: To provide information on the usefulness of salivary immunoglobulin classes in the diagnosis of periodontitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: About 5 ml of unstimulated saliva was collected from 25 newly diagnosed subjects with periodontitis and 21 sex/age-matched apparently healthy individuals into plain sample bottles. The samples were collected between 9 am and 11 am at least, 1 hour after eating or washing of mouth and levels of salivary immunoglobulin classes (IgA, IgG, IgE and IgM) were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS: Only the mean level of IgA was significantly raised (p = 0.05) in the saliva of periodontitis patients compared with controls. The mean levels of IgG, IgM and IgE were not significantly elevated in patients with periodontitis, when compared with controls (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: This study showed that elevated salivary levels of IgA could be used as a screening tool for periodontitis. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Identification of patients at risk and the diagnosis of active phases of periodontal disease remains a challenge due to lack of laboratory test routinely employed in the diagnosis and monitoring of patients with periodontal disease. This study showed that elevated salivary levels of immunoglobulin classes especially, IgA could be used as a screening tool for periodontitis.


Subject(s)
Biomarkers , Chronic Periodontitis/immunology , Immunoglobulin A, Secretory , Immunoglobulins , Saliva/immunology , Adult , Case-Control Studies , Chronic Periodontitis/diagnosis , Female , Humans , Immunoglobulin A, Secretory/analysis , Immunoglobulins/analysis , Immunoglobulins/classification , Male , Middle Aged , Nigeria
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